Cisco 12010, Cisco 12410, and Cisco 12810 Router Installation and Configuration Guide - Chapter 4 - System Startup and Performing a Basic Configuration [Cisco 12000 Series Routers]

Table Of Contents

System Startup and Basic System Configuration

Sources of Cisco IOS Software

Preconfiguration Requirements

Boot Process Overview

Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process

Manually Booting the System

Locating a Valid Cisco IOS Software Image

Booting from the Cisco IOS Software Image

Configuring the Router

Cisco IOS User Interface

Cisco IOS User Interface Command Modes

User EXEC Mode

Privileged EXEC Mode

Global Configuration Mode

Using Setup for Configuration Changes

Configuring Global Parameters Using the Setup Facility

Configuring Network Interfaces

Checking the Software Version Number and Installed Interfaces

Using Global Configuration Mode

Verifying Running Configuration File Settings

Saving the Running Configuration Settings to NVRAM

Viewing the Running Configuration Settings

Configuring the Software Configuration Register

Setting Software Configuration Settings

Changing Software Configuration Register Settings

Low-Order Bits in the Software Configuration Register

High-Order Bits in the Software Configuration Register

Recovering a Lost Password

Using RP Flash Memory Cards

Installing and Removing a Flash Memory Card

Formatting a New Flash Memory Card

Specifying a Cisco IOS Software Image to Boot the System

Flash Memory Commands

pwd Command

cd Command

dir Command

delete Command

squeeze Command

Booting from Flash Memory

Copying Image Files to or From Flash Memory

Copying a Cisco IOS Software Image into a Flash Memory Card

Copying Cisco IOS Software Images Between Flash Memory Cards

Copying System Configuration Files Between RP Memory and a Flash Memory Card

Booting a New Cisco IOS Software Image from a Flash Memory Card

Recovering from Locked Blocks in Flash Memory Cards

Post-Installation Procedures

System Startup and Basic System Configuration

The system startup process and a procedure for performing a basic configuration of your Cisco 12010, Cisco 12410, or Cisco 12810 router is presented in the following sections:

•Sources of Cisco IOS Software

•Preconfiguration Requirements

•Boot Process Overview

•Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process

•Manually Booting the System

•Configuring the Router

•Cisco IOS User Interface

•Configuring the Software Configuration Register

•Recovering a Lost Password

•Using RP Flash Memory Cards

•Post-Installation Procedures

This chapter provides you with the information to configure your system so that it can access the network or enable other hosts in the network to access your system remotely by means of a Telnet connection. Detailed configuration procedures are beyond the scope of this document, but you can find more information in the "Post-Installation Procedures" section.

Sources of Cisco IOS Software

A default Cisco IOS software image for your system is available through any of the following internal or external sources:

•Onboard flash memory on the Route Processor (RP)—The latest Cisco IOS software image is preloaded into the flash memory, and it is a single inline memory module (SIMM). Flash memory is also referred to as nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM). NVRAM retains its contents when you power off the system.

•Flash memory card—A flash memory card (sometimes referred to as a flash disk) inserted in a PCMCIA slot on the RP can serve as an external storage medium for a default Cisco IOS software image.

•TFTP server—A Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server in the network can also function as an external source of a default Cisco IOS software image. You can download a valid Cisco IOS software image from such a remote host using a Telnet connection.

Preconfiguration Requirements

Before you configure your system, confirm the following:

•All cards are securely installed.

•All interface cable connections are secure and use cable strain relief where provided.

•All source power cables are securely fastened to the PDUs, and are connected to the appropriate power source.

•A terminal device is connected to the console port on the RP, powered on, and configured for 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, and 2 stop bits (9600, 8N2).

Note You must connect a terminal to the RP to perform the initial configuration of the router.

•The flash memory card that shipped with your router is installed in slot 0 of the RP. The software configuration register is set to 0x0102 (default), causing the system to boot automatically from the Cisco IOS software image stored on the flash memory card.

After you complete the above, proceed to the following section to start the router.

Boot Process Overview

The following sequence summarizes a typical boot process.

1. You power on the router.

2. The RP MBus module receives +5 VDC voltage and starts executing MBus software.

3. The RP determines the router configuration by sending a message over the MBus requesting all installed devices to identify themselves. Their responses provide the RP with slot numbers, card, and component types.

4. The RP, line cards, switch fabric cards (CSCs and SFCs), and alarm card are then powered on.

5. The power-on-reset logic of the RP is delayed to allow power for both local and CSC clocks to stabilize.

6. After the power-on reset logic is released, the RP begins to execute the ROM monitor software.

–If the ROM monitor is configured to autoboot, the system automatically loads and boots the Cisco IOS software.

–If the ROM monitor is not configured to autoboot, you must boot the Cisco IOS software manually.

7. When the Cisco IOS software boots, it polls all other cards in the system, powers them on, and loads the Cisco IOS software they require.

8. The RP waits for all other cards to finish their boot processes.

Powering On the Router and Observing the Boot Process

The first time you start the router, observe the following conditions:

Step 1 Switch on all the circuit breakers that control power to the router.

Step 2 Observe the power entry module LEDs:

•AC PEMs—The green PWR OK LED should be on and the power supply fan operating.

•DC PEMs—The green PWR OK LED should be on and the power supply fan operating.

Step 3 Check the blower module:

•Ensure that the green OK LED is on.

•Listen for the blowers in the blower modules; you should hear them operating immediately. In a noisy environment, the blowers may be difficult to hear. You can place your hand in front of the exhaust vents near the top rear of the chassis to verify that the blower is operating.

Step 4 Observe the RP alphanumeric LED displays during the RP boot process (Figure 4-1).

Figure 4-1 RP Alphanumeric LED Displays

Each 4-digit display shows part of a 2-line system message. During the RP boot process, the LED displays present a sequence of messages similar to that shown in Table 4-1.

Table 4-1 RP Alphanumeric LED Display Sequence Examples

LED Display¹

Meaning

Source

MROM
nnnn

The MBus microcode begins to execute; nnnn is the microcode version number. For example, microcode Version 1.17 appears as 0117².

MBus controller

LMEM
TEST

Low memory on the RP is being tested.

RP ROM monitor

MEM
INIT

The size of main memory on the RP is being discovered.

RP ROM monitor

RP
RDY

The system is operational and ready to execute basic Cisco IOS software commands at the ROM monitor prompt (rommon>).

RP ROM monitor

RP
UP

A valid Cisco IOS image is running.

RP Cisco IOS software

PRI
RP

The RP is enabled and is recognized as the system primary RP. A valid Cisco IOS image is running.

RP Cisco IOS software

SEC
RP

The RP is enabled and is recognized as the system secondary RP. A valid Cisco IOS image is running.

RP Cisco IOS software

¹Some LED sequences may occur too quickly to view.

²The version of MBus microcode running on your system might be different.

Step 5 Observe the status of the RP interfaces (see Figure 4-2 for the GRP and Figure 4-3 for the PRP).

The LEDs on the RP show system status, the active flash memory card slot, the Ethernet connection in use, and the status of the Ethernet interface.

•PCMCIA flash memory card slot LEDs (labeled Slot-0 and Slot-1) are on when the slot is accessed.

•PRP—RJ-45 Ethernet port LEDs show the port activity:

–LINK: Link activity

–EN: port enabled

–TX: data transmission

–RX: data reception

•GRP—RJ-45 and MII Ethernet LEDs identify which of the two Ethernet connections is selected (only one port can be operational at a time). RJ-45 LEDs show port activity.

–LINK: Link activity

–COLL: Collision detection

–TX: data transmission

–RX: data reception

Figure 4-2 GRP LEDs—Partial Front Panel View

Figure 4-3 PRP Ethernet Ports and LEDs—Partial Front Panel View

Step 6 During the line card boot process, observe the alphanumeric LED displays on each line card (Figure 4-4).

Note The line card boot process occurs immediately after the RP boot process.

The system attempts to boot identical line cards in parallel. Further, the system boots line cards as soon as they are powered on and become available. Each line card displays a sequence similar to those shown in Table 4-2.

Figure 4-4 Line Card Alphanumeric LED Displays—Partial View Shown

Table 4-2 Line Card Alphanumeric LED Display Sequence Examples

LED Display¹

Meaning

Source

MROM
nnnn

The MBus microcode begins to execute; nnnn is the microcode version number. For example, microcode Version 1.17 appears as 0117².

MBus
controller

LMEM
TEST

Low memory on the line card is being tested.

Line card ROM monitor

MEM
INIT

The size of main memory on the line card is being discovered.

Line card ROM monitor

ROMI
GET

The ROM image is being loaded into line card memory.

RP Cisco IOS software

FABL
WAIT

The line card is waiting for the fabric downloader to load.³

RP Cisco IOS software

FABL
DNLD

The fabric downloader is being loaded into line card memory.

RP Cisco IOS software

FABL
STRT

The fabric downloader is being launched.

RP Cisco IOS software

FABL
RUN

The fabric downloader is launched and running.

RP Cisco IOS software

IOS
DNLD

Cisco IOS software is being downloaded into line card memory.

RP Cisco IOS software

IOS
STRT

Cisco IOS software is being launched.

RP Cisco IOS software

IOS
UP

Cisco IOS software is running.

RP Cisco IOS software

IOS
RUN

The line card is enabled and ready for use.

RP Cisco IOS software

¹Some LED sequences may occur too quickly to view. Sequence are shown in this tabular form as a baseline to represent line card functionality at startup.

²The version of MBus microcode running on your system might be different.

³The fabric downloader loads the Cisco IOS software image onto the line card.

Step 7 The router automatically boots using the default image (if a flash memory card containing a valid Cisco IOS software image is inserted in slot 0 and the software configuration register is set to 0x0102).

As the router boots the Cisco IOS software image, a system banner similar to the following appears:
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software 
IOS (tm) GS Software (GSR-P-M), Experimental Version 
12.0(20010120:204554) [gha]
Copyright (c) 1986-2001 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Sat 20-Jan-01 18:34 by ghall
Note The system banner depends on the image version of the Cisco IOS software that the system is running. Your system banner might be different than the examples throughout this chapter.

•If the ROM monitor prompt (rommon>) displays, the router did not find a valid system image or the boot sequence was interrupted, and the system entered read-only memory (ROM) monitor mode.

In this case, you must boot a Cisco IOS software image manually by issuing the boot command.

–For information on locating a valid Cisco IOS software image, refer to the "Locating a Valid Cisco IOS Software Image" section.

–For information on using one of the various forms of the boot command, refer to the "Booting from the Cisco IOS Software Image" section.

•After manually booting the router, continue to Step 8.

Step 8 When you start an unconfigured system for the first time, the system automatically starts the system configuration dialog. The interactive script prompts you through the steps to create a router configuration file defining basic system operation parameters.
         --- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]:
The router uses the system configuration file to activate network connections to the RP so the router can be administered from a remote location, or to activate the line card network interfaces. After the initial configuration, the RP and line cards can communicate with external networks.

You do not need to configure the network interfaces immediately, but you cannot connect to a network until you configure the interfaces for operation in your network environment. For configuration information, see the "Configuring the Router" section.

Note The interface-specific LEDs on the line cards may not power on until you configure the line card interfaces. To verify correct operation of each line card interface, complete the first-time setup procedure and configuration, then check the status of the interfaces against the descriptions in the documentation for each line card.

If the system does not complete each of the preceding steps, go to the "Troubleshooting the Installation" chapter for troubleshooting recommendations and procedures.

Manually Booting the System

If your router does not find a valid system image, or if you interrupt the boot sequence, the system enters ROM monitor mode and displays the ROM monitor prompt (rommon>). From ROM monitor mode, you have access to commands which locate and boot a valid system image.

Locating a Valid Cisco IOS Software Image

Use the following procedure to locate a Cisco IOS software image to manually boot the router from the ROM monitor prompt (rommon>).

Step 1 Enter the ROM monitor mode dir bootflash command to examine the contents of the onboard flash memory in NVRAM on the RP.
rommon 1> dir bootflash:
   File size                  Checksum      File name
   3277967 bytes (0x32048f)   0x6b331e30    gsr-p-mz.120-7.4.5
rommon 2> 
•If the memory contains the desired Cisco IOS boot image, proceed to the "Booting from the Cisco IOS Software Image" section.

•If the onboard flash memory does not contain the desired Cisco IOS boot image, proceed to the next step.

Step 2 Enter the dir slotn: command, where n represents either slot 0 (0) or slot 1(1) to find a valid image by examining the contents of the flash memory card.

The following example shows the contents of the flash memory card in slot 0:
rommon 2> dir slot0:
   File size                  Checksum      File name
   3277967 bytes (0x32048f)   0x6b331e30    gsr-p-mz.120-7.4.5
rommon 3>
After you locate a valid boot image, proceed to the "Booting from the Cisco IOS Software Image" section.

Booting from the Cisco IOS Software Image

To boot an image manually, issue the appropriate ROM monitor mode boot command after locating a valid Cisco IOS software image. Boot the image using one of the boot commands shown in Table 4-3.

Caution Use the boot flash command with care. Make sure that the flash memory card inserted in slot 0 contains a valid Cisco IOS software image; otherwise, you could instruct the system to boot an invalid image from the flash memory card. Before entering a boot command, always enter the dir slotn: command to examine the contents of a flash memory card.

Table 4-3 Boot Commands

Command

Purpose

boot

(No argument.) Boots the default image in NVRAM. This image is loaded into memory at the factory.

boot bootflash: filename

Boots the router using the specified file in NVRAM.

boot disk0: filename

Boots the file filename from the flash disk in slot 0.

boot disk1: filename

Boots the file filename from the flash disk in slot 1.

boot flash

(Does not specify a particular PCMCIA slot.) Attempts to boot the router using the first file from the flash memory card in slot 0.

boot slot0: filename

Boots the specified file from the linear flash memory card in slot 0.

boot slot1: filename

Boots the specified file from the linear flash memory card in slot 1.

boot tftp: filename [host]

or

boot [host] filename

Boots the router using the specified file and host name from a TFTP server in the network.

Note If you did not change the configuration register setting, the next reload will revert to the default configuration register setting (0x0102). This setting causes the system to boot Cisco IOS software from a flash memory card inserted in slot 0 the next time you boot the router. See the "Configuring the Software Configuration Register" section for additional information.

Configuring the Router

You can perform a basic configuration for your router by using one of the following methods:

•Method 1—Using the setup facility or the setup command.

During the initial startup of an unconfigured router, the system automatically runs the setup facility, which enables you to begin configuring your router manually. The setup facility presents a structured, interactive script that guides you through the process.

You can also invoke the setup facility at any time to alter previously entered configuration information by issuing the setup command at the privileged EXEC mode prompt (Milo#).

This method is described in the "Using Setup for Configuration Changes" section.

•Method 2—Using global configuration mode through the Cisco IOS command line user interface.

If you prefer not to use the interactive script of the setup facility to configure the router, you can configure it manually in global configuration mode. This method requires you to enter configuration commands on a line-by-line basis at the console without being prompted by a configuration script. This method is described in the "Using Global Configuration Mode" section.

You can use the method that suits your operating style and your knowledge of network configuration requirements.

Whether you use the setup command facility or global configuration mode to configure the router to operate in your networking environment, be sure you know the:

•Interfaces the router has.

•Protocols the router is routing.

•Network addresses for the protocols being configured.

•Password scheme for your environment.

Cisco IOS User Interface

Cisco IOS software provides a command line interface that allows you to configure and manage your router. If you are not familiar with the Cisco IOS command line interface, you should read the "Using the Command Line Interface" chapter in the Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide. This section discusses the different command modes, context-sensitive help, and editing features of the interface.

Cisco IOS User Interface Command Modes

The Cisco IOS user interface is organized into several different modes. The available commands depend on which mode you are currently in. Entering a question mark (?) at the system prompt displays a list of commands available for the current command mode.

When you start a session on the router, you begin in user EXEC mode. Only a limited subset of the commands are available in EXEC mode. In order to have access to all of the commands, you must enter privileged EXEC mode which normally requires a password. From privileged EXEC mode, you can enter any EXEC command or enter global configuration mode. Most of the EXEC commands are 1-time commands, such as show commands, that show the current configuration status, and clear commands, that clear counters or interfaces. The EXEC commands are not saved across reboots of the router.

The configuration modes allow you to make changes to the running configuration file. If you save the configuration, the commands are stored and persist across router reboots. In order to access the various configuration modes, you must start from global configuration mode. From global configuration mode, you can enter interface configuration mode, subinterface configuration mode, and a variety of protocol-specific modes.

ROM monitor mode, described earlier in this chapter, is a separate mode used when the router cannot boot properly. If your router does not find a valid system image when it is booting, or if its configuration file is corrupted at startup, the system typically enters ROM monitor mode.

User EXEC Mode

After the system boots successfully and loads the Cisco IOS software, the user EXEC mode prompt appears on the system console. The user EXEC mode prompt consists of the router host name followed by the right angle bracket (>). The following example shows the user EXEC mode prompt for a router with the factory default name Router.
Router>
Note The default host name is Router unless it was changed during initial configuration using the setup command facility.

Privileged EXEC Mode

To enter privileged EXEC mode, enter the enable command at the user EXEC mode prompt. If the enable secret password is set and saved in memory, the system prompts you to enter the enable secret password. The password does not appear on the window and is case sensitive. When the system accepts the password, the prompt changes to the privileged EXEC mode prompt, which consists of the router host name followed by the pound sign (#).

Note Because many of the privileged commands set operating parameters, privileged access should be password-protected to prevent unauthorized use.

The following example shows the change from user EXEC mode to privileged EXEC mode.
Router> enable
password: <password>
Router# 
For information about using passwords, see the "Configuring Passwords" section.

Global Configuration Mode

Global configuration commands:

•Apply to features that affect the system as a whole, rather than just one protocol or interface.

•Use the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode. From global configuration mode, you can access a number of other command modes.

•Enable particular routing or bridging functions.

For information on protocol-specific global configuration commands, refer to the appropriate configuration guide in the Cisco IOS software documentation.

Interface Configuration Mode

Use interface configuration commands to modify the operation of an interface such as Ethernet, FDDI, or a serial port. Interface configuration commands always follow an interface global configuration command, which defines the interface type.

For details on interface configuration commands that affect general interface parameters such as bandwidth and clock rate, refer to the "Interface Commands" chapter in the Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference. For protocol-specific commands, refer to the appropriate Cisco IOS software command reference guide.

Subinterface Configuration Mode

Use subinterface configuration mode to configure multiple virtual interfaces (called subinterfaces) on a single physical interface. Subinterfaces appear to be distinct physical interfaces to the various protocols. For detailed information on how to configure subinterfaces, refer to the appropriate module for a specific protocol in the Cisco IOS software documentation.

ROM Monitor Mode

If the router cannot locate a valid system image, or if the boot sequence is interrupted, the system may enter ROM monitor mode. You can then boot the system manually or perform diagnostic tests.

You can also enter ROM monitor mode by entering the reload command from the privileged EXEC mode prompt and then pressing the Break key during the first 60 seconds of startup.

Using Setup for Configuration Changes

Use the setup command facility to perform first-time configuration and other basic configuration procedures on your router. This facility is based on a script that prompts you to enter basic configuration information to start a router quickly and uneventfully.

During the first-time startup of an unconfigured router, the system automatically starts the setup command facility and displays an interactive dialog called the system configuration dialog. The system configuration dialog guides you through the configuration process by prompting you for global (system-wide) parameters and interface (line card) parameters.

To use the setup command to change a configuration:

1. You must toggle through each system configuration dialog prompt until you come to the item that you intend to change.

–To accept default settings for items that you do not want to change, press the Return key.

–To return to the privileged EXEC prompt without making changes and toggling through each system configuration dialog prompt, press Ctrl-C.

The setup command facility also provides help text for any prompt. To access help text, press the question mark (?) at a prompt.

2. When you complete your changes, the setup command facility displays the configuration command script that was created as a result of the changes you entered during the setup session. It also prompts you to use this configuration. There is no default for this prompt; you must answer either Yes or No.

•If you answer Yes, the configuration is saved to NVRAM.

•If you answer No, the configuration is not saved and the process begins again.

The following example shows typical output of a setup session automatically invoked during the initial startup of the router. The system banner appears, and then the system configuration dialog begins.

Note The output shown in this section are examples.Your configuration dialog might be different depending on which image of the Cisco IOS software you are using and how your router is equipped.
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
.
.
.
         --- System Configuration Dialog ---
Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]: Yes
At any point you may enter a question mark '?' for help.
Use ctrl-c to abort configuration dialog at any prompt.
Default settings are in square brackets '[]'.
Basic setup only configures enough connectivity
for management of the system, extended setup will ask you
to configure each interface of the system.
Would you like to enter basic management setup? [yes/no]: Yes
Configuring global parameters:
  Enter host name [Router]: Milo
  The enable secret is a password used to protect access to
  privileged EXEC and configuration modes. This password, after
  entered, becomes encrypted in the configuration.
  Enter enable secret [<Use current secret>]: barney
  The enable password is used when you do not specify an
  enable secret password, with some older software versions, and
  some boot images.
  Enter enable password: wilma
  The virtual terminal password is used to protect
  access to the router over a network interface.
  Enter virtual terminal password: bambam
  Configure SNMP Network Management? [no]:
Current interface summary
Interface   IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
Ethernet0   unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
POS1/0      unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
SDCC1/0     unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
POS2/0      unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
SDCC1/0     unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
.
.
.
POS15/0     unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
SDCC15/0    unassigned      YES unset  administratively down down
Enter interface name used to connect to the 
management network from the above interface summary: Ethernet0
Configuring interface Ethernet0:
Configure IP on this interface? Yes
  IP address for this interface: 172.16.72.2
  Subnet mask for this interface: 255.0.0.0
Class B network is 172.16.0.0, 8 subnet bits; mask is /24
The following configuration command script was created:
hostname Milo
enable secret 5 $1$krIg$emfYm/1OwHVspDuS8Gy0K1
enable password wilma
line vty 0 4
password bambam
no snmp server
!
no ip routing
!
interface Ethernet0
no shutdown
ip address 172.16.72.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface POS1/0
shutdown
no ip address
!
interface SDCC1/0
shutdown
no ip address
.
.
.
interface POS15/0
shutdown
no ip address
!
interface SDCC15/0
shutdown
no ip address
!
end
[0] Go to the IOS command prompt without saving this script.
[1] Return back to the setup without saving this config.
[2] Save this configuration to nvram and exit.
Enter your selection [2]:
Building configuration ...
Use the enabled mode `configure' command to modify this configuration.
Milo#
You can set configuration parameters using the setup command facility, or you can enter the setup command at any time at the privileged EXEC prompt to activate the setup facility. When you enter setup using the setup command, the script displays any existing (previously entered) system configuration settings within square brackets [ ].

For example, during the configuration of a POS interface, (using the setup facility initial router startup), the script appears as the following example as you respond to queries:
Configuring interface POS1/0:
  Is this interface in use?: yes
  Configure IP on this interface?: yes
In this example, the script does not display default or current parameters in square brackets [ ], because you entered the setup facility automatically at startup and there is no prior configuration information.

Conversely, when you enter the setup command at the privileged EXEC mode prompt (assuming that the POS interface was configured previously), the script displays those settings in square brackets [ ].
Configuring interface POS1/0:
  Is this interface in use?[yes]:
  Configure IP on this interface?[yes]:
When a system prompt contains an existing value in square brackets, press Return to accept the value, or type an alternate value and press Return.

Configuring Global Parameters Using the Setup Facility

When you first enter the setup facility or enter the setup command, the system prompts you to configure global parameters for your router. Global parameters control system-wide settings, including the following:

•Host name for the router.

•Passwords for the enable, enable secret, and virtual terminal security parameters.

•Protocols used by the router.

Configuring Host Name

The host name you configure your router with must:

•Follow the rules for ARPANET host names.

•Start with a letter, end with a letter or digit, and have as interior characters only letters, digits, and hyphens.

•Consist of 63 or fewer characters.

For more information, refer to RFC 1035, "Domain Names—Implementation and Specifications."

Uppercase and lowercase characters look the same to many internet software applications, so do not expect case to be preserved. It may seem appropriate to capitalize a name the same way you might do when writing, but names must appear as all lowercase. For more information, see RFC 1178, "Choosing a Name for Your Computer."

Configuring Passwords

The commands available at the user EXEC level are a subset of those available at the privileged EXEC level. Because many privileged EXEC commands are used to set system parameters, you should password-protect these commands to prevent their unauthorized use. For information on how to establish password protection or configure privilege levels, refer to the "Configuring Passwords and Privileges" chapter in the Security Configuration Guide.

The enable secret password functionality is available for Cisco 12000 series Gigabit switch routers. To gain access to privileged-level commands, you must enter the correct password. Depending on your boot ROM level, you can use enable password while in ROM monitor mode.

For maximum security, enable secret and enable password settings should be different. If you use the same password during the setup process, the system accepts it but issues a warning to enter a different password.

•An enable secret password can contain from 1 to 25 uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric characters.

•An enable password can contain any number of uppercase and lowercase alphanumeric characters.

In either case, you cannot use a number as the first character. Spaces, however, are valid password characters. For example, two words is a valid password. Leading spaces are ignored, but trailing spaces are recognized.

Note Make a note of all passwords you set and store that information in a secure location for future reference.

Configuring Protocols

For complete information on protocol configuration for your router, refer to the appropriate software configuration publications, which are listed in the "The Cisco IOS software running your router contains extensive features and functionality. For information on Cisco IOS software and general installation and maintenance information for your router, use the following resources:" section.

Configuring Network Interfaces

This section summarizes information about configuring network interfaces for the RP and the installed line cards using the setup facility or setup command. After the RP and line cards are configured, they can communicate with external networks.

To configure the interface parameters for the RP and installed line cards, you must have the following information available:

•Interface network addresses

•Subnet mask values

•Protocols to be configured

You may need to consult your network administrator to obtain this information. For additional interface configuration information for the RP and line cards installed in your router, refer to the documentation for each card.

Configuring RP Ethernet Interfaces

The RJ-45 and MII receptacles on the GRP and PRP are IEEE 802.3u-compliant interfaces that provide connectivity to Ethernet networks. You can use one interface or the other, but not both at the same time.

The following configuration dialog example shows how to configure the system for an Ethernet interface that uses the IP network layer protocol.

Note The Ethernet interface does not support external routing functions.
Configuring interface Ethernet0:
Is this interface in use?: yes
  Configure IP on this interface?: yes
    IP address for this interface: 3.3.1.1
    Number of bits in subnet field: 8
    Class A network is 3.0.0.0, 8 subnet bits; mask is 255.255.0.0
  Configure CLNS on this interface?: yes
Configuring Line Card Interfaces

This section contains several brief examples to show how the setup facility manages line card interface configurations. Because of the wide variety of line cards supported by the router, refer to the documentation for your particular line card for detailed information.

The following example shows a system configuration dialog session for a Quad OC-3c POS line card.
Configuring interface POS3/0:
  Is this interface in use?: yes
  Configure IP on this interface?: yes
  Configure IP unnumbered on this interface?: no
    IP address for this interface: 2.1.1.1
    Number of bits in subnet field: 0
    Class A network is 2.0.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255.0.0.0
Configure CLNS on this interface?: yes
The following sample shows how to configure the same Quad OC-3c POS line card interface for IP unnumbered.
Configuring interface POS3/0:
  Is this interface in use?: yes
  Configure IP on this interface?: yes
  Configure IP unnumbered on this interface?: yes
    Assign to which interface: ethernet0
  Configure CLNS on this interface?: yes
The following example shows how to configure an ATM line card to use IP.
Configuring interface parameters:
Configuring interface ATM1/0:
  Is this interface in use?: yes
  Configure IP on this interface?: yes
    IP address for this interface: 1.1.1.2
    Number of bits in subnet field: 0
    Class A network is 1.0.0.0, 0 subnet bits; mask is 255.0.0.0
After you have manually configured the network interface parameters, the RP and line card interfaces are available for limited use.

•To modify the currently saved configuration information, you can enter the setup command at the privileged EXEC mode prompt (Milo#) at any time to start another system configuration dialog session.

•To perform more complex configuration tasks, you can enter the configure terminal command at the privileged EXEC mode prompt (Milo#), which invokes global configuration mode [Milo(config)#]. See the "Using Global Configuration Mode" section for more information.

Checking the Software Version Number and Installed Interfaces

The show version command displays the Cisco IOS software version number as well as other information, including the hardware installed in the system, the names and sources of system image files, and the contents of the software configuration register.

The following example shows the type of information generated by this command.
Milo# show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software 
IOS (tm) GS Software (GSR-P-M), Experimental Version 
12.0(20010120:204554) [gha]
Copyright (c) 1986-2001 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Sat 20-Jan-01 18:34 by ghall
Image text-base: 0x60010950, data-base: 0x61C14000
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 11.2(17)GS2, [htseng 180] EARLY 
DEPLOYMENT RELEA)
BOOTFLASH: GS Software (GSR-BOOT-M), Version 11.2(18)GS4, EARLY 
DEPLOYMENT RELE 
Getty uptime is 22 hours, 15 minutes
System returned to ROM by reload
System image file is "tftp://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/directory/ghall/gsr-p-mz"
cisco 12410/GRP (R5000) processor (revision 0x05) with 262144K bytes 
of memory.
R5000 CPU at 200Mhz, Implementation 35, Rev 2.1, 512KB L2 Cache
Last reset from power-on
1 Route Processor Card
2 Clock Scheduler Cards
5 Switch Fabric Cards
2 OC48 POS controllers (2 POS).
1 four-port OC48 POS controller (1 POS).
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
6 Packet over SONET network interface(s)
507K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
8192K bytes of Flash internal SIMM (Sector size 256K).
Configuration register is 0x0
...
Using Global Configuration Mode

Global configuration mode enables you to enter configuration commands line-by-line from the console terminal. If you prefer not to use the interactive script of the setup facility, you can manually configure your router using global configuration mode.

To display a list of the configuration commands available to you, enter a question mark (?) at any prompt or press the designated help key on the terminal keyboard while in configuration mode.

Use the following procedure to configure your router using global configuration mode.

Step 1 When you are prompted to enter the system configuration dialog at bootup, answer no.
Would you like to enter the initial dialog? [yes]: no
Milo> 
Step 2 Enter the enable command and password (if prompted).
Milo> enable
Password: <password>
Milo# 
Step 3 Enter the configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode.
Milo# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Milo(config)#
Step 4 Enter the interface type slot/port command to enter interface configuration mode.
Milo(config)# interface type slot/port
Milo(config-if)#
Step 5 Enter the copy running-config startup-config command to save your configuration settings.
Milo# copy running-config startup-config
Your system is now minimally configured and able to boot using the configuration you entered.

Verifying Running Configuration File Settings

The show running-config command lets you check the settings in the running configuration file.

The following example displays the output for a Quad OC-3c/STM-1c POS interface installed in slot 1.
router# show running-config
Building configuration...
Current configuration:
!
version 12.0
no service pad
no service udp-small-servers
no service tcp-small-servers
!
hostname Milo
!
enable secret 5 $1$W6K5$W/p5Bq6IPLGJ/hS9VVP1g.
enable password twink
interface POS1/0
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
 crc 32
 clock source internal
!
interface POS1/1
 no ip address
 no ip route-cache cef
 no ip route-cache
 shutdown
 crc 32
!
interface POS1/2
 no ip address
 no ip route-cache cef
 no ip route-cache
 shutdown
 crc 32
!
interface POS1/3
 no ip address
 no ip route-cache cef
 no ip route-cache
 shutdown
 crc 32
Saving the Running Configuration Settings to NVRAM

The copy running-config startup-config command saves the configuration settings that you created while in the global configuration mode to NVRAM. Be sure to enter this command any time you make changes to configuration settings.
Milo# copy running-config startup-config
Note If you do not save the running configuration settings to NVRAM, they will be lost the next time you reload the system.

Viewing the Running Configuration Settings

You can use the show startup-config command to view the current configuration settings stored in NVRAM.

The following example shows the type of information generated by this command.
Milo# show startup-config
Using 5560 out of 520184 bytes
!
version 12.0
no service pad
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname Milo
!
enable secret 5 $1$/5HX$OOvyhG2JYhNaCbPa45Wmn/
enable password wilma
ip cef distributed switch
ip host biff 10.3.3.254
!
interface Ethernet0
 ip address 10.3.1.1 255.255.0.0
 no ip mroute-cache
!
interface POS1/0
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
 no keepalive
 crc 16
 no cdp enable
.
.
.
interface ATM3/0
 ip address 10.0.0.15 255.0.0.0 secondary
 ip address 10.1.1.2 255.0.0.0
 atm pvc 1 0 64 aal5snap
 atm pvc 2 0 72 aal5mux ip 155000 155000 1
 atm pvc 3 1 90 aal5snap 312000 312000 1
 atm pvc 4 0 108 aal5snap
 atm pvc 10 0 144 aal5mux ip 155000 155000 1
 atm pvc 11 1 91 aal5snap 310000 310000 1
 map-group atm1
!
no ip classless
ip route 10.5.4.254 255.255.255.255 Ethernet0
!
map-list atm1
 ip 10.1.1.1 atm-vc 1
 ip 10.1.1.3 atm-vc 2
 ip 10.1.1.4 atm-vc 4
 ip 10.0.0.1 atm-vc 3
 ip 10.0.0.5 atm-vc 10
 ip 10.0.0.6 atm-vc 11
no logging trap
!
!
line con 0
 exec-timeout 0 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
 password bambam
 login
!
end
Configuring the Software Configuration Register

The software configuration register is a 16-bit register in NVRAM that defines specific system parameters. You can set or change the contents of this register to accomplish the following tasks:

•Define the boot sources for the default Cisco IOS software, assigning them in the following order of precedence:

–Flash memory card inserted in PCMCIA slot 0

–TFTP server on the network

–Flash memory SIMM (NVRAM) on the route processor

–Boot image stored within the operating environment

•Define a default boot filename.

•Enable or disable the Break function.

•Control broadcast addresses.

•Set the console terminal baud rate.

•Recover a lost password.

•Force an automatic boot using a boot image.

•Read boot system commands from the configuration file stored in NVRAM.

Table 4-4 defines software configuration register bits.

Caution To avoid confusion and possibly halting the system, remember that valid software configuration register values may be combinations of settings, rather than the individual settings listed in Table 4-4. For example, the factory default value for the software configuration register (0x0102) is actually a combination of several settings (binary bit 8 = 0x0100 and binary bits 00 through 03 = 0x0002).

Table 4-4 Software Configuration Register Bits

Bit Number

Hexadecimal Value

Meaning/Function

00 to 03

0x0000 to 0x000F

Comprises the boot field for defining the source of a default Cisco IOS software image required to run the router (see Table 4-5 Table 4-5)

06

0x0040

Causes the system software to ignore the contents of NVRAM

07

0x0080

Enables the OEM¹ bit

08

0x0100

Disables the break function

09

0x0200

Uses a secondary bootstrap

10

0x0400

Broadcasts Internet Protocol (IP) with all zeros

11 and 12

0x0800 to 0x1000

Defines the console baud rate (default = 9600 bps)

13

0x2000

Boots the default flash memory software if the network boot fails

14

0x4000

Excludes network numbers from IP broadcasts

15

0x8000

Enables diagnostic messages and ignores the contents of NVRAM

¹OEM = original equipment manufacturer.

The boot field (Table 4-5) defines a source for booting a default Cisco IOS software image required to run the router. The